Computer Generations Essay

The IC ( structured Circuits) applied science was used in third- coevals ready reckoners. In a small IC chip (5 mm squargon size) a roach is jut outed having large number of electronic components like transistors, capacitors, diodes, resistors and so on Initially, an IC contained only about ten to twenty components. Thus the IC technology was named as Small measure Integration (SSI). The third-generation was based on IC technology and the computers were designed using this technology. IBM 370, PDP 11 ar among examples. AdvantagesThe main advantages of third-generation as compared to previous generations of computers were Smaller in size Production cost was meek Many input/output devices were introduced such as mouse and keyboard etc. actually fast in computational antecedent More accredited Low power consumption Maintenance cost was low because bankruptcy rate of hardware was genuinely low. Easily portable Easy to contain Upgraded easily all in all general purpose. Wide ly used for various commercialized applications all over the world Lower heat generated Magnetic record used for extraneous depotMore storage capacity high-ranking languages were commonly used Disadvantages The main disadvantages of third-generation computers were Air-conditioning demand. Highly sophisticated technology required for the manufacturing business chips. 4. Fourth Generation Computers (1971 to Present) Microprocessors The microchip technology was introduced in this generation of computers. With the advancement in IC technology, LSI (Large Scale Integration) chips were developed. It was possible to integrate over 30,000 or more components on to single LSI chip.After LSI, the VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) was developed and the development of microprocessor possible. It is expected that more than one million components pass on be integrated on a single chip of VLSI. employ VLSI technology, the entire CPU is designed on a single atomic number 14 chip. The use o f microprocessor as CPU introduced another class of computers called the microcomputers. Thus stern-generation whitethorn be called Microcomputer generation. The Intel 4004 chip was the first microprocessor. In 1981, IBM introduced the first computer for home use. In 1984, Apple introduced the Macintosh. AdvantagesThe advantages of fourth-generation as compared to previous generation computers are Smallest in size because of high component density. Production cost is very low Very reliable Hardware failure is paltry and therefore minimal maintenance is required. Easily portable because of their small size Totally general purpose Air conditioning is not compulsory Very high impact speed Very large internal and external storage capacity Used advanced input & output devices such as optical readers, laser printers, CD-ROM/DVD-ROM drives etc. Heat generated is negligible Minimal labour and cost involved at assembly fix upDisadvantages The main disadvantages of fourth-generation comp uters are Highly sophisticated technology required for the manufacturer of microprocessor chips 5. Fifth Generation Computers (In process) Artificial Intelligence The main drawback of first to fourth generation computers is that the computers have not their own thinking power. These are only depending upon the instructions given by the users. Computer devices with artificial intelligence are still in development, but some of these technologies are beginning to out and be used such as voice recognition.AIl is a reality made possible by using parallel processing and superconductors. Leaning to the future, computers will be radically transformed again by quantum computation, molecular and anon technology. Fifth generation computers are supposed to be the ideal computers, but do not exist. The scientists are working to design such computers that will have the following features Having their own thinking power Making decisions themselves Having capabilities of learning Having capabilit ies of reasoning Having large capacity of internal storageHaving extra high processing speed Having capabilities of parallel processing In these computers following technologies will be used ULSIC (Ultra Large Scale Integrated Circuits) technology Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology also called the knowledge Processor. The AI means automatic programs that let the machines to think and decide themselves. The programming languages enounce (List Processor) and PROLOG (Programming with Logic) are used for artificial intelligence. The scientists at ICOT in lacquer use the PROLOG to develop the Artificial Intelligence software.